In the completion of all academic writing three essential components must be achieved:

• A clear understanding of the research topic undertaken and why
• what information, data, learning informed the research and findings
• a conclusion restating objective and connecting findings

Introduction and conclusions are an essential part. They may play an opposite role but connect to create a “sandwich” for all writing framework.

Orientate the reader: the introduction defines the topic research informing the reader of the purpose and motivation of the research and a guide to the inquiry undertaken.

Inform the reader outcomes: The conclusion reconnects the reader to the topic objectives appraising the learning and summarises information for readers and consideration of any significant contributions to established knowledge or foundations for further research.

Introduction

the goal of the introduction is to let your reader know what he or she can expect from your paper.

Attract the reader’s attention

Attract the reader’s attention through a “hook”: state an interesting fact or statistic about your topic; ask a rhetorical question; reveal a common misconception about your topic; set the scene of your story: who, when, where, what, why, how?; share an anecdote (a humorous short story) that captures your topic.

State Your Focused Topic

After your “hook”, write a sentence or two about the specific focus of your paper. What is your paper about? Why is this topic important? This part of the introduction can include background information on your topic that helps to establish its context.

State your Thesis

Finally, include your thesis statement. The kind of thesis you include depends on the type of paper you are writing, but, in general, your thesis should include:your specific topic; your main point about that topic; the points of discussion you will include in your paper. Your thesis should be clear, and easy to find. Most often, it is the last sentence of the introduction.

Conclusion

Is about what you want the reader to understand and take away from your research. Begin with your rephrased thesis statement to remind your reader of the point of your paper. Summarise the points you made in your paper and show how they support your argument; tie all the pieces of your paper together. Tell your reader what the significance of your argument might be.

An effective conclusion paragraph should ultimately suggest to your reader that you’ve accomplished what you set out to prove.

OBJECTIVES

It is important not to use the conclusion to simply summarise the discussion in the section or paragraph. The critical objective is to provide resolution to the findings. It should bring closure to your discussion alongside broader meaning and any implications for other topics.

Mishaps about conclusions:

Avoid phrases like “in summary,” “in conclusion,” or “to sum up.” Don’t simply summarize what’s come before. For a short essay, you certainly don’t need to reiterate all of your supporting arguments. Avoid introducing brand new ideas or evidence.

Literature review tips on structure

The literature review becomes the spine of the thesis; it becomes the central point of the thesis. A literature can be an end in itself (an analysis of what is known about a topic) or a prologue to and rationale for engaging in primary research.

•Organize the literature review around key topics of concepts. Use headings or topic sentences to convey your organizational principle.

•Tell a story about the research. This will assist you with your organization.

•Be selective. Incorporate only studies that are pertinent to your subject.

•Synthesize and evaluate.

•Use a summary to assist the reader to relate every section to the wider topic and to clarify your argument’s movement. Where have we just been and where are we heading to?

•Do not just point to the existence of literature on the topic; compose about methods or results in the studies you discuss.

Frameworks influence the conclusions that we draw. the conclusions you draw in your research may influence the reader so we have to be careful about the conclusion that we draw.

Frameworks are the lenses we chose to investigate our phenomenon, and it influences our conclusions and outcomes.

How to find a framework:

• Get to know your project:

Title, problem questions, literature

• Highlight keywords
• Google your keywords adding frameworks at the end and select images.
• Is this a real frameworks: supported by valuable literature
• does it really speak, validate the frameworks

It is crucial that you also mention those studies that contradict your stance. In other words, mention some dissenting studies and explain why they deviate from your thinking.