Every student should be aiming to a deep learning, characterised by understanding the ideas that has been assimilated, consider the implications and application of the sources searched and apply a critical review to them, have a highly sense of curiosity which could be leading to a greater personal interest in the topic. In other words critical thinking is an essential ingredient for deep learning.

Critical thinking can be also considered a creative process since it concerns how to present, also using different formats, an effective argument, and even if the argument is presented in different ways it should always lead to a logical conclusion. It should also invoke presenting the reasoning and evidence in a clear, well structured manner. In fact the word “‘criticism” itself means to judge, a critic is someone who has investigated the evidence and tested them also considering alternative arguments and explanations and reaches an informed opinion in the light of these evidences and reaches a conclusion out of those.

Some key words regarding the critical thinking process are: persistency, while reviewing the evidences, skepticism, asking why, who, what, where, how (the w questions) during the process and have the skill of looking ahead guessing the implications of choices.

Throughout the critical thinking there should be an objective attitude examine the data from different angles checking the accuracy of them and the logic keeping them together and identifying possible flaws and backing up those data with empirical and statistics facts and reaching informed conclusions. The key is always looking beneath surface challenging your own thinking searching for the main point to prove back up the arguments with true facts and information in order to produce an analytical report transforming the information not just reporting them but pushing the ideas forward using a line of thread of ideas from start to finish.

The structure to follow in a critical thinking is:

• Investigate the problem
• prosecute and defend the ideas
• cross examine the witnesses which is literature and add descriptions outlining ideas, theories and so on
• sum up and consider theory
• reach an informed verdict through a logical and reasoned argument

to add a personal reflection a third person modality should be employed by placing yourself in the background expressing your opinion without being opinionated and have a healthy skepticism.

Some element to check while finding material is:

• the materials gathered should be scholarly reliable

• consider the author of the material, the way they explained their ideas, their point of view, if it is biased.

A way to practice critical thinking could be to get acquainted with the researched material by getting an overview of the topic and understand it, compare it with different views of different academics, and gradually move from description to analysis.

Rhetoric is an important aspect of critical thinking which involves constructing a convincing argument and is a technique and the art of being able to talk and write about something in an efficient and persuasive way. There could be found three different formals, judicial, language of law courts, deliberative, language of politics, and epideictic, condemnation of a person.

We can Identify three different stages in Academic writing:

• Description, answering to what, who where, when questions; it is always necessary to have some description in writing, it helps to introduce a topic and helps, leads to analysis.
• Analysis, answering to how and why questions, is the main part of any study and tries to link everything together.
• Evaluation answering what if…, what next, so what questions and judges the success, value or implication of a certain aspect.

Every paragraph itself has its own defined structure and it usually mirrors the one of the overall writing. So the first part is the topic, the second is the support and third part is the critical one, commenting on the evidence.

The introduction is an essential part of an essay, defining the key concepts and arguments and aim that will be discussed in the essay and the writer’s position on that specific topic. It should be written after the body paragraph.